Parents of preschoolers know very well that the season for infections seems to last all year round. Runny noses, coughs, and fevers are part of everyday life in many households. However, there are times when illnesses cause particular concern—especially those caused by viruses that spread through airborne droplets. One such infection is fifth disease (also known as erythema infectiosum). Although it is usually mild, many parents wonder: can a child with fifth disease attend kindergarten? The answer depends on several important factors.
What is fifth disease?
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a viral illness caused by the parvovirus B19. It most commonly affects preschool- and early school-aged children. The virus spreads through droplets—via contact with the nasal and throat secretions of an infected person—so outbreaks are common in places like kindergartens.
The most characteristic symptom is an intense, bright red rash on the child’s cheeks—hence the popular nickname “slapped cheek syndrome.” In the following days, a rash may also appear on the arms, torso, and thighs, taking on a lacy or net-like pattern. Mild fever, fatigue, muscle aches, or headaches may also occur. In many children, however, the illness is asymptomatic and only recognized after the rash appears.
Is fifth disease dangerous?
In healthy children, fifth disease is usually not serious. It tends to resolve on its own within a few days or weeks. Treatment is typically limited to managing symptoms—such as administering fever-reducing medications or allowing the child to rest.
The situation is different for pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, and children with blood disorders such as anemia. In those cases, the virus can lead to complications, which is why it's so important to limit exposure to infected individuals.
When is a child with fifth disease contagious?
From a kindergarten’s perspective, the most crucial information is that a child with fifth disease is no longer contagious once the rash appears. The period of highest contagiousness is actually before the rash develops—during the early phase, when a child may show mild cold-like symptoms or none at all. Once the red cheeks appear, the child is no longer considered infectious.
This is an important point, as many parents only realize their child has fifth disease when the rash appears, and they worry that sending their child to kindergarten could put others at risk. In reality, the child is most contagious before the illness is even recognized.
Can a child with fifth disease go to kindergarten?
From a medical standpoint – yes, a child can attend kindergarten as long as they are feeling well and the rash is already present. At this stage of the illness, the child is no longer a threat to others in terms of spreading the virus. However, some kindergartens may require a doctor’s note confirming that the child is no longer contagious or is fit to attend.
It’s still important to act responsibly. If the child is weak, has a fever, or is lethargic or irritable, it’s better to keep them at home for a few more days to allow full recovery. Even if they are not contagious, the kindergarten environment—full of stimulation and activity—can be overwhelming for a child who is not feeling 100%.
What should parents do?
If you suspect your child has fifth disease, it's best to consult a pediatrician. The diagnosis is usually based on the distinctive rash and accompanying symptoms. In rare cases, the doctor may order a blood test to confirm infection with parvovirus B19.
Once the diagnosis is confirmed, it’s a good idea to inform the kindergarten so that staff can alert other parents—especially pregnant women and those at risk. Although your child is no longer contagious, others may have been exposed during the earlier infectious phase.
So, can a child with fifth disease attend kindergarten?
Yes – provided the rash has already appeared and the child is feeling well. The rash itself is not contagious, and the highest risk of spreading the virus occurs before the rash develops. Still, each case should be assessed individually—taking into account the child's overall condition, immune response, and the kindergarten’s policies.
Fifth disease is a common illness among preschool-aged children. It is usually mild and does not require isolation, but it does call for vigilance—especially due to the potential risks to vulnerable groups. That’s why it’s helpful to understand when your child can safely return to their peers and when it’s better to let them rest at home for a few extra days.
