Hearing loss in children can result from various causes, both congenital and acquired. Congenital factors include genetic conditions, maternal illnesses during pregnancy (e.g., rubella, toxoplasmosis), or complications during childbirth. Acquired causes may involve chronic middle ear infections, acoustic trauma, and improper pharmacological treatment. Regardless of the cause, early recognition of hearing loss symptoms is crucial to ensure the child’s development proceeds at an appropriate level.
Early symptoms of hearing loss in infants
In infants, hearing loss can present subtly, so parents should pay attention to:
- Lack of reaction to sounds – the baby does not respond to loud noises such as clapping or a bell.
- Absence of babbling – children with normal hearing start babbling around 4–6 months of age. The absence of this stage may indicate hearing problems.
- No response to parents’ voices – infants naturally react to familiar voices. If they do not, it is advisable to consult a specialist.
Symptoms of hearing loss in older children
In older children, symptoms of hearing loss can be more varied and may include:
- Speech development delays – the child speaks later than peers, and their pronunciation may be unclear.
- Difficulty understanding instructions – the child may struggle to follow simple commands, often mistaken for a lack of concentration.
- Frequent requests for repetition – children with hearing loss often ask others to repeat sentences or have trouble understanding conversations in noisy environments.
- School problems – learning difficulties, lack of focus, or avoiding group activities may result from impaired sound perception.
Diagnosis of hearing loss
If parents notice concerning symptoms, they should consult an otolaryngologist or audiologist. Diagnostic methods include:
- Otoacoustic Emission Testing (OAE) – performed on newborns as part of hearing screening.
- Pure-tone and speech audiometry – used for older children to assess the range and degree of hearing loss.
- Tympanometry – evaluates the condition of the middle ear and the mobility of the eardrum.
Why is early diagnosis so important?
Early detection and treatment of hearing loss are vital for a child’s development, particularly in communication and learning. Neglecting the issue can lead to difficulties in forming social relationships, emotional problems, and academic delays.
Treatment and support for children with hearing loss
Treatment depends on the cause of the hearing loss and may include:
- Hearing aids – help children with hearing loss perceive sounds and develop speech.
- Cochlear implants – used for profound hearing loss when hearing aids are insufficient.
- Speech therapy – supports the development of speech and communication.
- Medical treatment – e.g., treating chronic ear infections.
How to support a child with hearing loss?
Parents and teachers should provide appropriate support, such as:
- Using hearing assistive technology, e.g., FM systems.
- Creating a sound-friendly environment – minimizing background noise.
- Providing emotional support – understanding and accepting the child’s challenges.
- Collaborating with specialists – regular visits to a speech therapist, audiologist, and special education teacher.
Hearing loss in children requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early detection of symptoms, such as lack of response to sounds or speech delays, can significantly improve a child’s quality of life. Thanks to modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods, children with hearing loss can fully enjoy life and develop their talents. Supporting their growth and fostering effective communication is key to future success.
